A case in a police station typically starts when a crime is reported by a citizen or an officer, or when there is direct police involvement in a criminal matter such as an arrest or assistance to another agency[1].
After a report is made, officers submit an incident report detailing their observations and actions. For certain crimes—including alcohol, drugs, and weapons offenses—case reports are mandatory. These reports are then submitted to a patrol sergeant for review, who approves the report or sends it back for corrections[1].
The patrol sergeant decides whether the case requires follow-up investigation, particularly in more serious or solvable cases. If follow-up is necessary, the case may be assigned to a detective sergeant or specialized units according to the nature and severity of the crime. Crimes such as felonies, cases involving an arrest, or those with a pending suspect are specifically prioritized for thorough investigation[1]. Less serious offenses and non-criminal matters are typically handled by the initial responding officers and may not require extensive follow-up.
Victims and witnesses are routinely kept informed about the progress and procedures involved in their case and are provided with information relating to the investigation and their rights. The police may also assist with property returns or schedule line-ups and interviews as needed[3].
During the investigation, the police collect evidence, request statements, and, where appropriate, meet with relevant agencies such as the Public Prosecution Service (PPS) for advice on charges or evidence for court proceedings. If a suspect is charged, a case file is sent to the PPS or equivalent prosecuting authority, who will decide whether the case goes to trial[4].
Throughout this process, cases are managed using case management policies and guidelines, ensuring standardized practice for case assignment, investigation, and case closure across different departments and jurisdictions[2].
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